Shigella and Salmonella cases reported in travellers returning from Cape Verde

A food and water hygiene reminder

• This updates the news item of 22 December 2025

A reminder of the risks of diarrhoeal illness, including Shigella (also known as shigellosis or dysentery) and Salmonella infections, and the importance of good food and water hygiene.

Since 1 October 2025, cases of Shigella and Salmonella infection have been reported in travellers returning to England, Scotland and Wales from the Cape Verde Islands. Out of 158 confirmed Shigella cases, most (112) people reported recent travel to Cape Verde, mainly to the Santa Maria and Boa Vista areas. Out of 43 confirmed Salmonella cases, from three separate clusters, reported in England, Scotland and Wales since 1 October 2025, a total of 32 people reported travel to Cape Verde [1].

On 5 December 2025, The European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) also reported an upsurge in cases of Shigella in travellers returning from Cape Verde to four European Union (EU) countries: The Netherlands, Sweden, France and Ireland. Cases were mainly observed between September and November 2025 [2].

An outbreak of Shigella was also reported in Cape Verde in 2022, with cases occurring in travellers from a number of European countries including the UK [3].

Shigella are bacteria that can cause shigellosis, an infection of the gut that can result in severe diarrhoea, fever and stomach cramps [1]. Most people recover within a week. However, some individuals, such as older adults, individuals with weakened immune systems, anyone with complex medical conditions, pregnant women and children under five, may be at greater risk of complications, including sepsis [4, 5].

Shigella is spread by contact with contaminated faeces either directly through person-to-person transmission or indirectly from food, water or surfaces contaminated with Shigella [5]. There is a risk for travellers to places where food and water may be unsafe.

Worldwide, most Shigella cases are in children younger than five years of age, but all ages can be affected. There is also a risk of sexual transmission for men who have sex with men [5, 6].

Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a bacterial infection that mainly affects the intestines (gut). Symptoms of diarrhoea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting and fever usually develop between 12 and 72 hours after becoming infected [7]. Young children, pregnant women, those with an underlying health conditions and older people are more likely to experience severe symptoms [8]. Most human cases are from contaminated food and water [8].

Advice for travellers

Before you travel

Check our Country Information pages to research general health risks, prevention advice and any vaccine recommendations or malaria advice for your destination.

You may wish to discuss your travel plans with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or have an underlying health condition or are immunosuppressed, and plan to travel to a destination with a Shigella and/or Salmonella outbreak.

There are no vaccines to prevent Shigella or Salmonella infections.

While you are away

Make sure you follow these steps when travelling abroad [5, 6, 9]:

• Practice good food and water hygiene at all times, even in high-end, all-inclusive resorts.
• Wash your hands often, including before eating or preparing food, after using the toilet, after changing nappies and before and after sex.
• Eat recently prepared food that is fully cooked and served piping hot.
• Where there is no clean water supply, drink only bottled or boiled tap water (this includes brushing your teeth).
• Always avoid ice in your drinks.
• Avoid fresh fruit that you have not peeled yourself and salads not washed with bottled or boiled water.
• Avoid swallowing water from ponds, lakes and untreated swimming pools.

If you become ill abroad [4-6, 9]:

• Drink plenty of 'safe' fluids, such as bottled water, or tap water that has been boiled and cooled, and use oral rehydration solutions so that you do not become dehydrated.
• Get early medical advice if you are at greater risk of complications from Shigella or Salmonella infections, this includes babies/young children, older adults, pregnant women and people who are immunosuppressed or have ongoing health conditions.
• Seek medical help if symptoms last more than a few days or are not improving.
• Wash contaminated clothes or bedding on a hot wash and clean toilets, taps and door handles regularly.

If you or your partner has had diarrhoea, avoid sexual contact for at least 48 hours. See our travellers' diarrhoea factsheet for more information.

When you return

Seek medical attention if you are unwell after returning from your trip. Remember to tell your nurse, doctor, or other healthcare provider about your recent travel. Wait for 48 hours after symptoms stop, before going back to school or work.

Advice for health professionals

If a returning traveller presents with gastrointestinal symptoms after foreign travel, consider bacterial infections, including shigellosis and salmonellosis as a diagnosis. Testing should be arranged through local microbiology laboratories and confirmed cases reported to the local health protection team. Shigella infection usually only requires supportive therapy and rehydration, a severe infection may need antibiotics. Salmonella infection is also usually treated with fluids and by managing symptoms, a severe infection may need antibiotics.